Sétif, located in northeastern Algeria, has a rich history spanning from its origins as a Berber settlement in the ancient kingdom of Numidia to its role as a Roman city known as Sitifis. It became the capital of the Roman province of Mauritania Sitifensis in the 3rd century AD. Today, visitors can explore significant archaeological sites such as Roman city walls, a temple, circus, mausoleum, and the Byzantine Scipio fortress. The modern city was founded by the French in 1848, incorporating elements of its medieval and Roman past. Sétif also carries a painful historical memory of the 1945 uprising, known as the Sétif massacre, which led to thousands of Algerian casualties.