Fortress of Muxima- Travel Tips

What to See, How to Plan & Tours

The Fortress of Muxima, located in the village of Muxima, Angola, is a historical site of great significance. Established by Portuguese forces in 1581 as a small military post on the left bank of the Kwanza River, it originally served as a defense mechanism against the local Quiçama people. By 1599, the post was fortified under the direction of Governor João Furtado de Mendonça, evolving into an important center for regional trade and a holding site for goods and slaves destined for the Americas. The fortress played a crucial role during the Dutch invasion of Angola in 1641, providing refuge for the local population and contributing to the resistance efforts. Rebuilt in 1655, it supported the Portuguese during the Kwata-Kwata Wars, a series of inter-tribal conflicts manipulated by European interests. The site was governed by a Captain-Major until the mid-19th century and later housed Portuguese troops during World War II. Classified as a National Monument in 1924 and a Property of Public Interest in 1956, the fortress, which neighbors the Church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição da Muxima, underwent restoration around 2008. Today, it stands as a testament to Angola's colonial history and is managed by the Ministry of Culture.