Agadez, located in northern Niger on the southern fringe of the Sahara, emerged as a key cultural and trading hub in the 15th and 16th centuries under the Sultanate of Aïr, where nomadic Tuareg tribes settled, shaping its distinctive urban layout and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The historic center, once a vital caravan trade crossroads, features 11 irregularly shaped quarters with centuries-old mud-brick architecture. Landmarks include the 16th-century Agadez Grand Mosque, the Sultan’s Palace, and the camel market. The city preserves deep-rooted traditions in commerce, craftsmanship, and earthen construction, showcasing a unique blend of cultural heritage and architectural ingenuity.