Touba, located in central Senegal within the Diourbel Region, is the second most populous city in the country, with over 1.1 million residents as of 2023. Founded in 1887 by Shaikh Ahmadou Bàmba Mbàcke, the city is the spiritual center of the Mouride brotherhood and the site of his tomb, adjacent to the Great Mosque of Touba, one of Africa's largest mosques. The mosque, completed in 1963, features five minarets and a 87-meter central minaret, and has been continuously expanded. Touba remains a major pilgrimage site for Mouridists, with religious and cultural landmarks such as the Caliph's audience hall and the sacred "Well of Mercy."