São Tomé, the capital and largest city of São Tomé and Príncipe, holds a rich history dating back to the 15th century. Founded by Álvaro Caminha in 1493, the city became a pivotal center for sugarcane production under Portuguese colonization. Situated close to the equator, São Tomé boasts a lush, tropical climate. Its historical landmarks include a 16th-century cathedral and Fort São Sebastião, now the São Tomé National Museum, reflecting its colonial past and cultural heritage.