Old Dongola, located on the east bank of the Nile in northern Sudan, was once the capital of the Makurian state from the 4th to the 14th century. The site is home to impressive archaeological remains, including churches, palaces, and monasteries, reflecting its importance as a religious and political center during the medieval period. Notable structures such as the Church of the Granite Columns and the Throne Hall of the Makurian kings highlight the city's grandeur. Excavations since 1964 have revealed unique frescoes, inscriptions, and the remains of Islamic tombs, showcasing the town's long history and cultural evolution.