Matheniko Wildlife Reserve, located in Uganda's northeastern Karamoja subregion along the border with Kenya, spans a semi-arid landscape of rugged terrain and sparse vegetation typical of the Somalia–Masai ecoregion. With elevations ranging from 1,070 to 1,830 meters, the reserve is characterized by rocky outcrops, grasslands, and thorny shrubs that support species adapted to dry conditions. As part of a larger conservation corridor linking Kidepo Valley National Park with Bokora and Pian Upe Wildlife Reserves, Matheniko plays a vital role in wildlife migration and ecosystem connectivity. Despite being one of Uganda's most threatened protected areas, it remains ecologically significant and is gradually opening to low-impact tourism under the guidance of the Uganda Wildlife Authority.